Communication apparatus and communication method for establishing protection areas for downlink communications

ABSTRACT

A communication apparatus and a communication method that avoid mutual interference between nodes. The communication apparatus includes a communication section and a control section. The communication section sends and receives wireless frames. The control section controls transmission and reception of frames. The control section controls transmission, to one or more target stations and with a transmission parameter (transmission power) specified for each target station, of a trigger frame that induces transmission of a transmission refrainment frame. The communication apparatus functions as a base station, and the control section selects, as target stations, one or more subordinate terminals to which a downlink signal is to be sent and controls the transmission of the trigger frame ahead of the transmission of the downlink signal.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.16/966,039, filed Jul. 30, 2020, which is based on PCT filingPCT/JP2018/045318, filed. Dec. 10, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,272,444,which claims priority to JP 2018-019807, filed Feb. 7, 2018, the entirecontents of each are incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The technology disclosed in the present specification relates to acommunication apparatus and a communication method that avoid mutualinterference between networks.

BACKGROUND ART

Recent years have seen a plurality of wireless base stations (accesspoints: APs) for home use sold in a bundle as wireless LAN (Local AreaNetwork) systems typified by IEEE802.11 have become pervasive,resulting, in some cases, in installation of a plurality of APs inhomes. Although a single AP is not enough to deliver radio waves toevery corner of the house, installing a plurality of APs allows forwireless connection from any place in the house. That is, a terminalneeds only to connect to the nearest AP, thus holding promise forreducing the transmission distance between transmission and receptionand contributing to improved frequency utilization efficiency. In adensely populated network environment such as that in which a pluralityof APs coexists in a single space, however, operation of each networkindependently of other networks leads to increased mutual interference.

For example, a proposal has been made regarding a wireless communicationsystem in which a master base station collects traffic information andchannel information of terminals in a cooperative BSS (Basic ServiceSet) group and assigns wireless resources on the basis of trafficinformation and channel information of each terminal in such a manner asto provide an improved communication quality index to each cooperativeBSS group (refer, for example, to PTL 1).

Also, in order to reduce interference in a network environment includinga plurality of BSSs developed with high density, a proposal has beenmade regarding a system for a highly efficient wireless (HEW) accesspoint (AP) cooperative protocol that allows for cooperation of one or aplurality of dimensions including time, frequency, space, and powerbetween an AP and STAs (refer, for example, to PTL 2).

For example, it is possible to reduce mutual interference bycoordinating schedules or controlling transmission power throughcooperation between a plurality of APs installed in a home or aplurality of BSSs. However, it is difficult to reduce mutualinterference between APs that are unable to cooperate with each othersuch as those installed in different homes.

CITATION LIST Patent Literature

-   [PTL 1]-   Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2016-19239-   [PTL 1]-   Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2016-537905

SUMMARY Technical Problem

It is an object of the technology disclosed in the present specificationto provide a communication apparatus and a communication method thatavoid mutual interference between networks.

Solution to Problem

The technology disclosed in the present specification has been devisedin consideration of the above problem, and a first aspect thereof is acommunication apparatus that includes a communication section and acontrol section. The communication section sends and receives wirelessframes. The control section controls transmission and reception offrames. The control section controls transmission, to one or more targetstations and with a transmission parameter specified for each targetstation, of a trigger frame that induces transmission of a transmissionrefrainment frame.

The control section determines, as a transmission parameter for eachtarget station, transmission power that allows the transmissionrefrainment frame to reach an interference source. The control sectionselects a transmission destination of a data frame as a target stationand causes the trigger frame to be sent ahead of transmission of thedata frame.

Also, the communication apparatus functions as a base station. Thecontrol section selects one or more subordinate terminals to which adownlink signal is to be sent as target stations and causes the triggerframe to be sent ahead of the transmission of the downlink signal.

Also, a second aspect of the technology disclosed in the presentspecification is a communication method that includes a step ofselecting a target station to which to request transmission of atransmission refrainment frame, a step of determining a transmissionparameter regarding the transmission refrainment frame for each targetstation, and a step of sending, to the target station, a trigger framethat induces the transmission of a transmission refrainment frame withthe determined transmission parameter.

Also, a third aspect of the technology disclosed in the presentspecification is a communication apparatus that includes a communicationsection and a control section. The communication section sends andreceives wireless frames. The control section controls transmission andreception of frames. The control section causes, in response toreception of a trigger frame that induces transmission of a transmissionrefrainment frame, the transmission refrainment frame to be sent with atransmission parameter specified by the trigger frame.

The control section causes a transmission refrainment frame to be sentwith transmission power specified as a transmission parameter or in sucha manner as to achieve a reach range specified as a transmissionparameter.

Also, the communication apparatus functions as a subordinate terminal ofa base station, and the control section causes a transmissionrefrainment frame to be sent in response to the trigger frame receivedfrom the base station.

A fourth aspect of the technology disclosed in the present specificationis a communication method that includes a step of receiving a triggerframe that induces transmission of a transmission refrainment frame anda step of sending a transmission refrainment frame with a transmissionparameter specified by the trigger frame.

Advantageous Effects of Invention

The technology disclosed in the present specification can provide acommunication apparatus and a communication method that streamlinesdownlink communication by avoiding mutual interference between networks.

It should be noted that the effect described in the presentspecification is merely illustrative and that effects of the presentinvention are not limited thereto. Also, the present invention may bringabout further additional effects in addition to the above effect.

Still other objects, features, and advantages of the technologydisclosed in the present specification will become apparent fromdetailed description based on embodiments described later and attacheddrawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a communication environment to whichthe technology disclosed in the present specification is applied.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication sequencefor carrying out downlink communication in an AP_B network.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a protection areadetermined by the AP_B in the network topology illustrated in FIG. 1 .

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a processing procedurefor a base station (AP) to send a trigger frame to its subordinateterminal (STA) ahead of transmission of a downlink signal.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a processing procedurefor sending a transmission refrainment frame in response to a triggerframe received from the base station (AP) to which the terminal (STA) isconnected.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of acommunication apparatus 600.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT

A detailed description will be given below of an embodiment of thetechnology disclosed in the present specification with reference todrawings.

As wireless LAN systems typified by IEEE802.11 have become pervasive, aplurality of wireless base stations may be sold in a bundle and aplurality of APs may be installed in homes. While reducing thetransmission distance between transmission and reception andcontributing to improved frequency utilization efficiency, thecoexistence of a plurality of APs in a single space as described aboveraises concern over possible increase in mutual interference betweennetworks.

For example, it is possible to reduce mutual interference bycoordinating schedules or controlling transmission power throughcooperation between a plurality of APs installed in a home or aplurality of BSSs. However, it is difficult to reduce mutualinterference between APs that are unable to cooperate with each othersuch as those installed in different homes. Increased mutualinterference leads to reduced communication efficiency and frequencyutilization efficiency.

Also, in an infrastructure communication mode in which one or moreterminals (STAtions: STAs) operate under an AP, transmission demand isgenerally higher in downlink communication than in uplink communication.

For this reason, the present specification proposes below a wirelesscommunication technology that contributes to improved frequencyutilization efficiency by streamlining downlink communication havinghigher transmission demand in a densely populated network environment.The wireless communication technology disclosed in the presentspecification is suitably applicable not only to a communicationenvironment where networks cooperating with each other are denselypopulated but also to a communication environment where networks unableto cooperate with each other coexist, thus streamlining downlinkcommunication having higher transmission demand and contributing toimproved frequency utilization efficiency.

Here, a communication environment (multi-AP environment) where aplurality of APs exists as illustrated in FIG. 1 is considered. Aplurality of APs, namely, AP_A, AP_B, AP_X, and AP_Y, coexists in thecommunication environment illustrated, and the networks (BSSs)established by the respective APs partially overlap with each other.

Of the plurality of these APs, the AP_A and the AP_B cooperate with eachother. For example, the AP_A and the AP_B have been sold in a bundle andinstalled in a home. Therefore, the AP_A network and the AP_B networkcan avoid mutual interference by coordinating transmission schedules andcontrolling the transmission power. That is, the AP_A network does notconstitute an interference source for the AP_B network.

Also, the AP_X and the AP_Y do not cooperate with the AP_B. For example,the AP_X and the AP_X are not products sold in a bundle with the AP_B.For example, it is imaginable that radio waves output from the AP_X andthe AP_Y installed in the house next door penetrate through walls andreach the AP_B network. For this reason, the AP_X and AP_Y networksconstitute interference sources for the AP_B network.

Here, three terminals STA_B1, STA_B2, and STA_B3, are connected to theAP_B. Also, a terminal STA_A is connected to the AP_A that cooperateswith the AP_B. In the example illustrated, the STA_A is located near theSTA_B1, a subordinate terminal of the AP_B. The STA_A and the STA_B1 arelocated within their communication ranges, and therefore, mutualinterference can take place. However, when the AP_B wishes tocommunicate with the STA_B1, its subordinate terminal, the AP_B canavoid interference by coordinating schedules with the AP_A. It should benoted that when the AP_A wishes to communicate with the STA_A, itssubordinate terminal, the AP_A can similarly avoid interference bycoordinating schedules with the neighboring cooperative network.

On the other hand, terminals STA_X and STA_Y are connected,respectively, to the AP_X and the AP_Y that constitute interferencesources for the AP_B network. In the example illustrated, the STA_X islocated near the terminal STA_B2, a subordinate terminal of the AP_B,and the STA_Y is located near the terminal STA_B3, a subordinateterminal of the AP_B. For this reason, the STA_B2 and the STA_X arelocated within their communication ranges, and therefore, mutualinterference can take place, and the STA_B3 and the STA_Y are locatedwithin their communication ranges, and therefore, mutual interferencecan take place.

The case where the AP_B wishes to send a downlink signal to each of thesubordinate terminals STA_B1, STA_B2, and STA 3 is now investigated.

The STA_A and the STA_B1 are located within their communication ranges,and therefore, mutual interference can take place. However, it ispossible to avoid mutual interference through schedule coordinationbetween the AP_A and the AP_B that cooperate with each other. When theAP_B wishes to send a downlink signal to the STA_B1, its subordinateterminal, it is possible to avoid interference through schedulecoordination between the two networks such that the AP_A refrains fromcommunicating with the STA_A, its subordinate terminal. Specifically,the AP_B sends a downlink signal to the STA_B1 at a timing when theSTA_A does not send any signal on the basis of schedule informationwithin the AP_A network. Alternatively, the AP_A schedules a timing forpermitting transmission from the STA_A at a timing when the AP_B doesnot send any downlink signal to the STA_B1 on the basis of schedulecoordination within the AP_B network.

On the other hand, the STA_B2 and the STA_X are located within theircommunication ranges, and therefore, mutual interference can take place,and the STA_B3 and the STA_Y are located within their communicationranges, and therefore, mutual interference can take place. Also, theAP_B neither cooperates with the AP_X nor with the AP_Y, and thereforeit is impossible to avoid mutual interference by coordinating schedules.

For example, an access control sequence based on RTS/CTS (Request toSend/Clear to Send) is employed in IEEE802.11 system and so on. A datasending terminal a sending terminal sends an RTS signal beforetransmission, and a receiving terminal returns a CTS signal upon receiptof the RTS signal. Then, other terminal that receives at least either anRTS or CTS signal avoids interference by refraining from a transmissionaction only for the duration of an NAV (Network Allocation Vector:transmission disabled period) included in these signals.

In contrast, the present embodiment has introduced a mechanism thatsends, to terminals connected to non-cooperative other networks(networks that constitute interference sources), a transmissionrefrainment frame for causing the terminals that constitute interferencesources to refrain from sending a signal before initiating datatransmission, thus reducing mutual interference between networks forhigher efficiency of downlink communication and contributing to improvedfrequency utilization efficiency.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a communication sequence for the AP_Bto carry out downlink communication in the network topology illustratedin FIG. 1 .

It is assumed here that the AP_B wishes to send a downlink signal toeach of the subordinate terminals STA_B1, STA_B2, and STA_B3. In thiscase, before the AP_B begins to send a downlink signal, it is necessaryto cause the STA_X and the STA_Y that constitute interference sourcesfor each of the STA_B2 and the STA_B3 to refrain from sending signals.

Each of the subordinate terminals of the AP_B, namely, STA_B1, STA_B2,and STA_B3, performs an interference signal measurement (Measurement).Each of the terminals STA_B1, STA_B2, and STA_B3 may perform aninterference signal measurement on a regular basis or on the basis of aninstruction from the connected AP_B. Each of the terminals STA_B1,STA_B2, and STA_B3 acquires, through measurement, information regardingan interference status such as identification information of theterminal constituting an interference source and information regardinginterference power. Terminal identification information includes, forexample, MAC (Media Access Control) address and identificationinformation added to a physical header.

The AP_B receives an interference status report (Measurement Report)frame, an interference signal measurement result, from its subordinateterminals STA_B1, STA_B2, and STA_B3 ahead of the downlink signaltransmission. The AP_B can acquire, on the basis of the report framereceived from the terminal STA_B1, the fact that the STA_B1 is locatedwithin a range where a signal can be received from the subordinateterminal STA_A of the cooperative AP_A, interference power received bythe STA_B2 from the nearby interference source STA_X, and interferencepower received by the STA_B3 from the nearby interference source STA_Y.Each of the terminals STA_B1, STA_B2, and STA_B3 may measure receptionpower of interference signals. Alternatively, each interference signalmay include transmission power. On the assumption that all terminalssend signals with uniform transmission power, it is possible to estimatethe distance to the interference source on the basis of reception power.A measurement result report frame may report a combination oftransmission and reception power of an interference signal or anestimated distance to the interference source.

Also, the AP_B receives, from the cooperative AP_A, an information frameregarding traffic scheduling (Schedulling Announcement) as a radio waveutilization status. This scheduling information also includesinformation regarding a transmission timing of the STA_A, thesubordinate terminal of the AP_A. It should be noted that it is assumedthat, although not illustrated, the AP_B also sends a SchedullingAnnouncement frame to the AP_A.

Then, the AP_B determines an area to be reached by a transmissionrefrainment frame, i.e., a protection area (Protection Area), on thebasis of two types of information, namely, a Measurement Report receivedfrom each of the subordinate terminals STA_B1, STA_B2, and STA_B3 and aSchedulling Announcement received from the cooperative AP_A. Theprotection area is determined by the location of the terminal that sendsa transmission refrainment frame and the transmission power of thetransmission refrainment frame sent therefrom (reach range).

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a protection area determined by theAP_B in the network topology illustrated in FIG. 1 .

The AP_B finds out, on the basis of the Measurement Report received fromthe STA_B2, that the interference source STA_X is located relatively farfrom the STA_B2. For this reason, the AP_B sets a relatively smallprotection area denoted by reference number 301 for the STA_B2.

Also, the AP_B finds out, on the basis of the Measurement Reportreceived from the STA_B3, that the interference source STA_Y is locatedrelatively close to the STA_B3. For this reason, the AP_B sets arelatively large protection area denoted by reference number 302 for theSTA_B3.

Also, the AP_B knows, on the basis of the Schedulling Announcementreceived from the AP_A, the timing when the STA_A receives a signal fromthe AP_A (in other words, the timing when the STA_A does not send anysignal). Therefore, the AP_B can avoid interference between the STA_B1and the STA_A by coinciding its downlink signal with that timing.Therefore, the AP_B does not set any protection area for the STA_B1.

A description will follow of the communication sequence for the AP_B tocarry out downlink communication with reference to FIG. 2 again.

Thereafter, the AP_B sends, to the terminals STA_B2 and STA_B3 for whichprotection areas have been set, a trigger frame (Trigger Frame) thatinduces the transmission of a transmission refrainment frame ahead ofthe transmission of a downlink signal. A trigger frame specifies aterminal to which to send a transmission refrainment frame andtransmission power that allows the terminal to establish an appropriateprotection area (in other words, transmission power for achieving adesired reach range of the transmission refrainment frame in question).It should be noted that the trigger frame itself is stipulated inIEEE802.11ax as a frame for enabling uplink channel access.

Each of the terminals STA_B2 and STA_B3 returns, in response to atrigger frame received from the connected AP_B, a trigger response(Trigger Response) to the AP_B with the transmission power specified bythe trigger frame. It should be noted that the term “trigger response”here corresponds, for example, to a trigger-based PPDU (PLCP (PhysicalLayer Convergence Protocol) Protocol Data Unit).

The trigger response sent from the terminal STA_B2 also reaches theinterference source STA_X as a transmission refrainment frame, and thetrigger response sent from the terminal STA_B3 also reaches theinterference source STA_Y as a transmission refrainment frame (notillustrated in FIG. 2 ).

Each of the terminals STA_X and STA_Y that has received a transmissionrefrainment frame refrains from performing a transmission action for apredetermined time period (e.g., NAV specified by the transmissionrefrainment frame).

When a trigger response is received from each of the terminals STA_B2and STA_B3 to which a trigger frame has been sent, the AP_B sends adownlink signal to each of the subordinate terminals STA_B1, STA_B2, andSTA_B3 (Downlink Tx).

During the transmission period of the downlink signal, each of theinterference sources STA_X and STA_Y refrains from performing atransmission action, thus allowing for mutual interference to be avoidedbetween the networks and ensuring successful transmission of thedownlink signal. Also, the need to impose refraining from transmissionover an excessive range can be eliminated as the terminals STA_B2 andSTA_B3 set the protection areas 301 and 302 of appropriate sizes bysending transmission refrainment frames with appropriate transmissionpower. This streamlines downlink communication with higher transmissiondemand and contributes to improved frequency utilization efficiency.

FIG. 4 illustrates, in a flowchart form, an example of a processingprocedure for a communication apparatus that functions as a base station(AP) to send a trigger frame to its subordinate terminal (STA) ahead oftransmission of a downlink signal. It should be noted, however, that itis assumed that the base station has received not only a report(Measurement Report) frame regarding an interference signal measurementresult from each of the subordinate terminals but also a schedulinginformation (Schedulling Announcement) frame from the cooperative basestation in the surrounding area before carrying out the processingprocedure illustrated.

When a downlink signal (downlink data) to be sent occurs (step S401),the base station selects target stations to which to send a triggerframe (in other words, terminals to which to send a transmissionrefrainment frame) and sets a transmission parameter for each targetstation.

Here, 1 is substituted into a variable i first assuming that a downlinksignal is sent to N subordinate terminals (step S402).

The base station checks whether the ith transmission destinationterminal has an interference source (step S403).

Here, if the ith transmission destination terminal does not have anyinterference source (No in step S403), there is no possibility that theterminal will receive interference during reception of a downlinksignal, thus eliminating the need to send a transmission refrainmentframe. For this reason, the base station removes the ith transmissiondestination terminal from the target stations, increments i by 1 (stepS408), and proceeds to the selection of target stations and the settingof a transmission parameter for the (i+1)th transmission destinationterminal.

In the case where the ith transmission destination terminal has aninterference source (Yes in step S403), the base station further checkswhether the interference source of the ith transmission destinationterminal is connected to a non-cooperative base station in thesurrounding area (step S404).

In the case where the ith transmission destination terminal is notconnected to a non-cooperative base station in the surrounding area (Noin step S404), in other words, in the case where the ith transmissiondestination terminal is connected to a cooperative base station in thesurrounding area, the base station can avoid interference of a downlinksignal to the ith transmission destination terminal through schedulecoordination with this base station in the surrounding area, thuseliminating the need to send a transmission refrainment frame. Forexample, the base station can avoid interference by scheduling adownlink signal transmission timing to the ith transmission destinationterminal in such a manner as not to coincide with the transmissiontiming of this interference source. In the case where an interferencesource is connected to the cooperative base station in the surroundingarea, the interference source becomes no longer an interference sourcethrough schedule coordination. For this reason, the base station removesthe ith transmission destination terminal from the target stations,increments i by 1 (step S408), and proceeds to the process of selectingtarget stations for the (i+1)th transmission destination terminal andsetting a transmission parameter.

On the other hand, in the case where the interference source of the ithtransmission destination terminal is connected to a non-cooperative basestation in the surrounding area (Yes in step S404), the base stationselects the ith transmission destination terminal as a target station towhich to send a trigger frame. Then, the base station sets transmissionpower for establishing an appropriate protection area as a transmissionparameter of a transmission refrainment frame on the basis of theinterference status (e.g., interference power information) notified fromthe ith transmission destination terminal (step S405).

In the case where i is smaller than N, that is, in the case where thereis still a terminal that has yet to be processed as a transmissiondestination of a downlink signal (No in step S406), the base stationincrements i by 1 (step S408) and proceeds to the process of selectingtarget stations for the (i+1)th transmission destination terminal andsetting a transmission parameter.

Then, when i reaches N, that is, when the selection of target stationsand the setting of a transmission parameter are complete for alltransmission destination terminals to which to send downlink signals(Yes in step S406), the base station sends a trigger frame thatspecifies transmission parameters for all the selected target stations(step S407) and terminates the present process.

FIG. 5 illustrates, in a flowchart form, an example of a processingprocedure for a communication apparatus that functions as a terminal(STA) to send a transmission refrainment frame in response to a triggerframe received from the connected base station (AP). It should be notedthat it is assumed that the terminal has carried out a report(Measurement Report) frame regarding an interference signal measurementresult to the connected base station before the illustrated processingprocedure is initiated.

When a trigger frame including its own address is received from the basestation (or inducing the transmission of a transmission refrainmentframe to itself) while on standby (Yes in step S501), the terminalchecks whether a transmission parameter of a transmission refrainmentframe is specified by the trigger frame (step S502).

In the case where a transmission parameter of a transmission refrainmentframe such as transmission power is specified by the trigger frame (Yesin step S502), the terminal sets the specified transmission parameter(step S503). Also, in the case where no transmission parameter isspecified by the trigger frame, the terminal sets a default transmissionparameter (step S504).

Then, the terminal sends a transmission refrainment frame with the settransmission parameter (step S505) and terminates the present process.

FIG. 6 illustrates a configuration example of a communication apparatus600 to which the technology disclosed in the present specification isapplicable. The communication apparatus 600 can function both as a basestation (AP) and a terminal (STA), for example, in the network topologyillustrated in FIG. 1 .

The communication apparatus 600 includes a data processing section 601,a control section 602, a communication section 603, and a power supplysection 604. Also, the communication section 603 further includes amodulation/demodulation section 611, a signal processing section 612, awireless interface (IF) section 614, and an amplification section 615.An antenna 616 is connected to the amplification section 615. It shouldbe noted that one or more sets of the wireless interface section 614,the amplification section 615, and the antenna 616 may be included ascomponents. Also, the function of the amplification section 615 isincluded, in some cases, in the wireless interface section 614.

The data processing section 601 generates, at the time of transmissionwhen data is input from a protocol's upper layer (not illustrated), apacket for wireless transmission from the data, performs processes suchas adding a header and an error detection code for media access control(MAC), and provides processed data to the modulation/demodulationsection 611 in the communication section 603. Conversely, at the time ofreception when input is received from the modulation/demodulationsection 611, the data processing section 601 performs processes such asanalyzing a MAC header, detecting a packet error, and performing areordering process and provides processed data to its own protocol'supper layer.

The control section 602 controls exchange of information between thedifferent sections of the communication apparatus 600. Also, the controlsection 602 handles parameter setting in the modulation section 611 andthe signal processing section 612 and packet scheduling in the dataprocessing section 601. Also, the control section 602 handles parametersetting and controls transmission power in the wireless interfacesection 614 and the amplification section 615.

In the case where the communication apparatus 600 functions as a basestation, the control section 602 performs processes for improving thefrequency utilization efficiency of the system as a whole while at thesame time avoiding mutual interference at the time of transmission of adownlink signal.

Specifically, the control section 602 determines, ahead of thetransmission of a downlink signal to one or more subordinate terminals,a transmission refrainment area for each terminal on the basis of theinterference status of each terminal to which the downlink signal is tobe sent and the radio wave utilization status of the cooperative basestation in the surrounding area and controls the operation of thecommunication apparatus 600 to send a trigger frame that induces thetransmission of a transmission refrainment frame with the transmissionpower specified for each terminal such that the transmission refrainmentframe reaches into the transmission refrainment area.

Also, in the case where the communication apparatus 600 functions as aterminal, the control section 602 controls, in response to the triggerframe received from the connected base station, the operation of thecommunication apparatus 600 to send a transmission refrainment framewith the transmission power specified by the trigger frame.

The modulation/demodulation section 611 encodes, interleaves, andmodulates, at the time of signal transmission, the input data from thedata processing section 601 on the basis of a coding and modulationscheme set by the control section 602, generates a data symbol stream,and provides the stream to the signal processing section 612. Also, themodulation/demodulation section 611 performs, at the time of signalreception, processes opposite to those performed at the time oftransmission on the input from the signal processing section 612 andprovides the received data to the data processing section 601 or thecontrol section 602.

The signal processing section 612 performs, at the time of signaltransmission, signal processing on the input from themodulation/demodulation section 611 and provides one or moretransmission symbol streams acquired to the respective wirelessinterface sections 614. Also, the signal processing section 612performs, at the time of signal reception, signal processing on receivedsymbol streams input from the respective wireless interface sections 614and provides the stream to the modulation/demodulation section 611.

It should be noted that the signal processing section 612 performs, asnecessary, spatial processing including spatial multiplexing of aplurality of streams at the time of signal transmission and spatialdecomposition of a plurality of streams of a received signal at the timeof signal reception. For this reason, the signal processing section 612calculates, from preamble portions and training signal portions of inputsignals from the respective wireless interface sections 614, complexchannel gain information of a propagation path for use for spatialprocessing.

The wireless interface section 614 converts the input from the signalprocessing section 612 into an analog signal at the time of signaltransmission, performs filtering and upconversion into a carrierfrequency, and sends out the signal to the antenna 616 or theamplification section 615. Also, the wireless interface section 614performs, at the time of signal reception, opposite processes on theinput from the antenna 616 or the amplification section 615 and providesthe data to the signal processing section 612.

The amplification section 615 amplifies, at the time of signaltransmission, the analog signal input from the wireless interfacesection 614 to a predetermined power level and sends the signal to theantenna 616. Also, the amplification section 615 amplifies, at the timeof signal reception, the signal input from the antenna 616 to apredetermined power level with low noise and outputs the signal to thewireless interface section 614. Also, at least either the function ofthis amplification section 615 at the time of transmission or receptionis included, in some cases, in the wireless interface section 614.

The power supply section 604 includes a battery power supply or astationary power supply and supplies power to the respective sections ofthe communication apparatus 600.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

A detailed description has been given above of the technology disclosedin the present specification with reference to specific embodiments.However, it is apparent that a person skilled in the art can modify orsubstitute the embodiments in question without departing from the gistof the technology disclosed in the present specification.

The technology disclosed in the present specification is applicable, forexample, to wireless networks based on the IEEE802.11 standard. Itshould be noted, however, that the technology disclosed in the presentspecification is not limited in scope of application to specificcommunication standards. It is possible to streamline downlinkcommunication with higher transmission demand and contribute to improvedfrequency utilization efficiency by applying the technology disclosed inthe present specification to a densely populated network environment.

In short, the technology disclosed in the present specification has beendescribed by way of illustration, and the description of the presentspecification should not be interpreted restrictively. In order toevaluate the gist of the technology disclosed in the presentspecification, the claims should be taken into consideration.

It should be noted that the technology disclosed in the presetspecification can have the following configurations:

(1) A communication apparatus including:

a communication section adapted to send and receive wireless frames; and

a control section adapted to control transmission and reception offrames, in which

the control section controls transmission, to one or more targetstations and with a transmission parameter specified for each targetstation, of a trigger frame that induces transmission of a transmissionrefrainment frame.

(2) The communication apparatus of feature (1), in which

the control section determines, as a transmission parameter,transmission power of a transmission refrainment frame for each targetstation.

(3) The communication apparatus of feature (2), in which

the control section determines transmission power of the transmissionrefrainment frame for each target station on the basis of a status ofinterference received by the target station.

(4) The communication apparatus of feature (2) or (3), in which

the control section determines, for each target station, transmissionpower that allows the transmission refrainment frame to reach aninterference source.

(5) The communication apparatus of any one of features (1) to (4), inwhich

the control section selects a transmission destination of a data frameas a target station and causes the trigger frame to be sent ahead oftransmission of the data frame.

(6) The communication apparatus of any one of features (1) to (5), inwhich

the communication apparatus functions as a base station, and

the control section selects, as target stations, one or more subordinateterminals to which a downlink signal is to be sent and controls thetransmission of the trigger frame.

(7) The communication apparatus of feature (6), in which

the control section causes the trigger frame to be sent ahead oftransmission of the downlink signal.

(8) The communication apparatus of feature (6) or (7), in which

the control section controls the transmission of the trigger frame onthe basis of a status of interference of a terminal to which thedownlink signal is to be sent and a radio wave utilization status of abase station in a surrounding area.

(9) The communication apparatus of feature (6) or (7), in which

the control section controls the transmission of the trigger frame onthe basis of a radio wave utilization status of a base station in asurrounding area of a terminal to which the downlink signal is to besent.

(10) The communication apparatus of feature (9), in which

the control section does not select, as a target station to which thetrigger frame is to be sent, a terminal that receives interference onlyfrom an interference source connected to a base station in a surroundingarea whose radio wave utilization status can be found out.

(11) The communication apparatus of any one of features (6) to (10), inwhich

the control section determines, as a transmission parameter for eachterminal, a target station, transmission power that allows thetransmission refrainment frame to reach an interference source.

(12) A communication method including:

a step of selecting a target station to which to request transmission ofa transmission refrainment frame;

a step of determining a transmission parameter regarding thetransmission refrainment frame for each target station; and

a step of sending, to the target station, a trigger frame that inducesthe transmission of a transmission refrainment frame with the determinedtransmission parameter.

(13) A communication apparatus including:

a communication section adapted to send and receive wireless frames; and

a control section adapted to control transmission and reception offrames, in which

the control section causes, in response to reception of a trigger framethat induces transmission of a transmission refrainment frame, thetransmission refrainment frame to be sent with a transmission parameterspecified by the trigger frame.

(14) The communication apparatus of feature (13), in which

the control section causes a transmission refrainment frame to be sentwith transmission power specified as a transmission parameter or in sucha manner as to achieve a reach range specified as a transmissionparameter.

(15) The communication apparatus of feature (13) or (14), in which

the communication apparatus functions as a subordinate terminal of abase station, and

the control section sends a transmission refrainment frame in responseto the trigger frame received from the base station.

(16) The communication apparatus of feature (15), in which

the control section controls notification of an interference status tothe base station.

(17) The communication apparatus of feature (16), in which

the control section causes identification information of an interferencesource and information regarding interference power to be notified tothe base station as an interference status.

(18) The communication apparatus of any one of features (15) to (17), inwhich

the communication apparatus receives the trigger frame sent ahead of adownlink signal from the base station.

(19) The communication apparatus of any one of features (15) to (18), inwhich the communication apparatus receives a downlink signal from thebase station after having sent a transmission refrainment frame inresponse to the trigger frame.

(20) The communication apparatus of any one of features (15) to (19), inwhich

the communication apparatus does not send any transmission refrainmentframe in a case where interference is received only from an interferencesource connected to a base station in a surrounding area whose radiowave utilization status can be found out.

(21) A communication method including:

a step of receiving a trigger frame that induces transmission of atransmission refrainment frame; and

a step of sending a transmission refrainment frame with a transmissionparameter specified by the trigger frame.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

-   600 Communication apparatus-   601 Data processing section-   602 Control section-   603 Communication section-   604 Power supply section-   611 Modulation/demodulation section-   612 Signal processing section-   614 Wireless interface section-   615 Amplification section-   616 Antenna

The invention claimed is:
 1. A communication apparatus configured tooperate as a base station in a communication system, the communicationapparatus comprising: a transceiver that wirelessly sends and receivesframes, and control circuitry operatively connected to the transceiver,wherein the control circuitry: receives a measurement report from amobile terminal subordinate to the base station, the measurement reportincluding: an interference power of a second mobile terminal measured bythe mobile terminal, the second mobile terminal subordinate to a secondbase station that does not coordinate operations with the base station,and an identification of the second mobile terminal, determines aprotection area of the mobile terminal based on the measurement reportand a location of the mobile terminal, the protection area characterizedby parameters comprising a trigger response transmission parameter and asecond mobile terminal uplink transmission disablement duration,transmits a trigger frame to the mobile terminal, the trigger frameincluding the parameters and the identification of the second mobileterminal, in response to the trigger frame, receives a trigger responseframe transmitted by the mobile terminal to the base station and thesecond mobile terminal, the trigger response frame including theidentification of the second mobile terminal and the second mobileterminal uplink transmission disablement duration, the trigger responseframe transmitted in accordance with the trigger response transmissionparameter specified in the trigger frame, and transmits a downlinksignal to the mobile terminal during the second mobile terminal uplinktransmission disablement duration.
 2. The communication apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein the protection area is further determined based on ascheduling announcement received from another base station that doescooperate with the base station, and wherein the downlink signal istransmitted to the mobile terminal during the second mobile terminaluplink transmission disablement duration and in accordance with thescheduling announcement.
 3. A communication method performed by acommunication apparatus configured to operate as a base station in acommunication system, the method comprising: receiving a measurementreport from a mobile terminal subordinate to he base station, themeasurement report including: an interference power of a second mobileterminal measured by the mobile terminal, the second mobile terminalsubordinate to a second base station that does not coordinate operationswith the base station, and an identification of the second mobileterminal; determining a protection area of the mobile terminal based onthe measurement report and a location of the mobile terminal, theprotection area characterized by parameters comprising a triggerresponse transmission parameter and a second mobile terminal uplinktransmission disablement duration; transmitting a trigger frame to themobile terminal, the trigger frame including the parameters and theidentification of the second mobile terminal; in response to the triggerframe, receiving a trigger response frame transmitted by the mobileterminal to the base station and the second mobile terminal, the triggerresponse frame including the identification of the second mobileterminal and the second mobile terminal uplink transmission disablementduration, the trigger response frame transmitted in accordance with thetrigger response transmission parameter specified in the trigger frame;and transmitting a downlink signal to the mobile terminal during thesecond mobile terminal uplink transmission disablement duration.
 4. Themethod of claim 3, wherein the protection area is further determinedbased on a scheduling announcement received from another base stationthat does cooperate with the base station, and wherein the downlinksignal is transmitted to the mobile terminal during the second mobileterminal uplink transmission disablement duration and in accordance withthe scheduling announcement.
 5. A communication apparatus configured tooperate as a mobile terminal subordinate to a base station in acommunication network, the communication apparatus comprising: atransceiver that wirelessly sends and receives frames; and controlcircuitry operatively connected to the transceiver, wherein the controlcircuitry: measures an interference power from a second mobile terminalsubordinate to a second base station that does not coordinate operationswith the base station and generates a measurement report that includesthe interference power and an identification of the second mobileterminal, transmits the measurement report to the base station, receivesa trigger frame from the base station, the trigger frame includingparameters determined by the base station based on the measurementreport, the parameters comprising the identification of the secondmobile terminal, a trigger response transmission parameter, and a secondmobile terminal uplink transmission disablement duration, in response tothe trigger frame, transmit a trigger response frame to the base stationand the second mobile terminal, the trigger response frame including theidentification of the second mobile terminal and the second mobileterminal uplink transmission disablement duration, the trigger responseframe transmitted in accordance with the trigger response transmissionparameter specified in the trigger frame, and receive a downlink signalfrom the base station during the second mobile terminal uplinktransmission disablement duration.
 6. The communication apparatus ofclaim 5, wherein the protection area is further determined based on ascheduling announcement received from another base station that doescooperate with the base station, and wherein the downlink signal istransmitted to the mobile terminal during the second mobile terminaluplink transmission disablement duration and in accordance with thescheduling announcement.
 7. A communication method performed by acommunication apparatus configured to operate as a mobile terminalsubordinate to a base station in a communication network, the methodcomprising: measuring an interference power from a second mobileterminal, subordinate to a second base station that does not coordinateoperations with the base station, and generating a measurement reportthat includes the interference power and an identification of the secondmobile terminal; transmitting the measurement report to the basestation, receiving a trigger frame from the base station, the triggerframe including parameters determined by the base station based on themeasurement report, the parameters comprising the identification of thesecond mobile terminal, a trigger response transmission parameter, and asecond mobile terminal uplink transmission disablement duration; inresponse to the trigger frame, transmitting a trigger response frame tothe base station and the second mobile terminal, the trigger responseframe including the identification of the second mobile terminal and thesecond mobile terminal uplink transmission disablement duration, thetrigger response frame transmitted in accordance with the triggerresponse transmission parameter specified in the trigger frame; andreceiving a downlink signal from the base station during the interferingterminal uplink transmission disablement duration.
 8. The method ofclaim 7, wherein the protection area is further determined based on ascheduling announcement received from another base station that doescooperate with the base station, and wherein the downlink signal istransmitted to the mobile terminal during the second mobile terminaluplink transmission disablement duration and in accordance with thescheduling announcement.